Ke ʻano hana compost

Hoʻololi ka compost i ka manu moa i mea hoʻomomona maikaʻi loa

1. Ma ke kaʻina o ka compost, hoʻololi ka ʻōpala holoholona, ​​ma o ka hana ʻana o nā microorganisms, i mea paʻakikī e hoʻohana ʻia e nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu mea kanu i mau meaʻai e maʻalahi ke komo ʻia e nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.

2. ʻO ka wela kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 70 ° C i hana ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina compost hiki ke pepehi i ka hapa nui o nā germs a me nā hua, a loaʻa i ka pōʻino ʻole.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka composting fermentation e hoʻopau piha i ka ʻōpala organik, a ʻo ka fermentation o nā mea waiwai bio-organic he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomeamea kūlohelohe holoʻokoʻa.ʻO ka fermentation kūpono ke kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu organik kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻomaopopo ka mīkini compost i ka fermentation piha a me ka compost o ka fertilizer, a hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kiʻekiʻe-stacking a me ka fermentation, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka wikiwiki o ka fermentation aerobic.

ʻO ka manu moa ʻaʻole i popopo loa ʻia e hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he mea momona weliweli.

He nui nā hana o ka fertilizer organik.Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lepo, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganisms pono, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o nā huahana mahiʻai, a hoʻoikaika i ka ulu olakino o nā mea kanu.

ʻO ke kūlana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu organik ka pilina o nā ʻano kino a me nā ʻano olaola i ka wā o ka hana compost, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kūlana mana e ka pilina.

- Ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka wai

He mea koʻikoʻi ka wai no ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i nā mea ola.Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka manure composting, ʻo ka maʻamau pili o nā mea waiwai compost he 40% a 70%, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka holomua o ka compost.

- Hoʻomalu wela

ʻO ia ka hopena o ka hana microbial, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka pilina o nā mea.

ʻO ka compost kekahi kumu no ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana.Hiki i ka composting ke hoʻomalu i ka mahana o ka mea, hoʻonui i ka ea, a hoʻoikaika i ka ea ma ka puʻu.

- Ka mana lākiō C/N

Ke kūpono ka lākiō C/N, hiki ke hoʻokō pono ʻia ka compost.Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka ratio C/N, ma muli o ka nele o ka nitrogen a me ka palena o ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana, e lohi ka degradation rate o ka ʻōpala organik, e alakaʻi ana i ka manawa compost manure lōʻihi.Inā haʻahaʻa loa ka lakio C/N, hiki ke hoʻohana piha ʻia ke kalapona, a nalowale ke ʻano o ka nitrogen ma ke ʻano o ka amonia.ʻAʻole pili wale ia i ke kaiapuni, akā e hōʻemi hoʻi i ka pono o ka nitrogen fertilizer.

- Hāʻawi i ka ea a me ka oxygen

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka manure no ka lawa ʻole o ka ea a me ka oxygen.ʻO kāna hana nui ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka oxygen e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism.Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka mahana hopena ma ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka ea, a mālama ʻia ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka manawa o ka hana ʻana o ka compost.

- Manaʻo PH

E pili ana ka waiwai PH i ke kaʻina hana compost.Ke maikaʻi nā kūlana hoʻomalu, hiki ke hana maʻalahi ka compost.No laila, hiki ke hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ka mea momona maikaʻi loa no nā mea kanu.

Nā ʻano o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana.

He mea maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka poʻe ma waena o ka compost aerobic a me ka compost anaerobic.ʻO ke kaʻina hana composting o kēia wā, ʻo ia ka hana compost aerobic.ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka compost aerobic i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka matrix, pōkole pōkole, ʻala haʻahaʻa, a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka lāʻau mīkini.ʻO ka compost anaerobic ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā microorganism anaerobic e hoʻopau i ka hopena decomposition, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ea mai ka compost, haʻahaʻa ka mahana, maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana, loaʻa i ka huahana ka nui o ka nitrogen, akā lōʻihi loa ka pōʻaiapili compost. ikaika ka ʻala, a loaʻa i ka huahana nā mea ʻino ʻole decomposition.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi e like me ka pono o ka oxygen, aia nā wai wai aerobic a me anaerobic compost;

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi e ka wela compost, me ka compost wela wela a me ka compost wela waena;

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mīkini, e komo pū me ka compost kūlohelohe ākea a me ka compost mechanized.

E like me ka koi o ka oxygen o nā microorganism i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana compost, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano composting i ʻelua ʻano: aerobic compost a me anaerobic composting.ʻO ka maʻamau, he wela kiʻekiʻe ka compost aerobic compost, maʻamau 55-60 ℃, a hiki i ka palena ke hiki i 80-90 ℃.No laila, ua kapa ʻia ka compost aerobic i ka compost wela kiʻekiʻe;anaerobic composting is composting by anaerobic microbial fermentation under anaerobic conditions.

1. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana aerobic.

①Aerobic composting hana ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana aerobic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana a nā microorganism aerobic.Ma ke kaʻina hana compost, hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka manure holoholona e nā microorganism ma o nā membrane cell o nā microorganisms;ʻO nā mea ola colloidal hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia ma waho o nā microorganisms a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e nā enzymes extracellular huna ʻia e nā microorganisms, a laila komo i loko o nā keena..

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka compost aerobic i ʻekolu pae.

ʻanuʻu wela waena.Ua kapa ʻia ka pae mesophilic ʻo ka pae hana wela, e pili ana i ka pae mua o ka hana compost.He mesophilic ka pae puʻu ma 15-45°C.ʻOi aku ka ʻeleu o nā microorganisms Mesophilic a hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka compost e hana i nā hana ola ikaika.ʻO kēia mau microorganisms mesophilic e komo pū ana i nā haʻani, bacteria a me actinomycetes, ma muli o ke kō a me nā starches.

②Ka pae wela kiʻekiʻe.Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka puʻu ma luna o 45 ℃, e komo ia i ka pae wela kiʻekiʻe.I kēia pae, ua kāohi ʻia nā microorganism mesophilic a make paha, a pani ʻia e nā microorganism thermophilic.ʻO ke koena a me ka mea hou i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka compost e hoʻomau ʻia i ka oxidized a me ka decomposed, a ʻo ka mea paʻakikī i loko o ka compost, e like me ka hemicellulose, cellulose a me ka protein, ua hoʻoheheʻe ikaika ʻia.

③Ke hoʻoluʻu.I ka pae hope o ka fermentation, koe wale nō kekahi o nā mea ola kino paʻakikī a me ka humus hou.I kēia manawa, emi ka hana o nā microorganisms, emi ka waiwai calorific, a emi ka mahana.Noho hou ka Mesophilic microorganisms, a hoʻopau hou i ke koena mea ola i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka decompose.Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻonui a hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka humus, a komo ka compost i ka pae oʻo, a hoʻemi nui ʻia ka koi o ka oxygen., Hoʻemi pū ʻia ka maʻamau, hoʻonui ʻia ka porosity o ka compost, a hoʻonui ʻia ka mana diffusion oxygen.I kēia manawa, pono wale ka ventila kūlohelohe.

2. Ke kumu o ka anaerobic composting.

ʻO ka anaerobic composting ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā microorganism anaerobic e hoʻokō i ka fermentation spoilage a me ka decomposition ma lalo o nā kūlana anoxic.Ma waho aʻe o ka carbon dioxide a me ka wai, ʻo nā huahana hope loa he ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane a me nā meaʻala ʻē aʻe, me ka ammonia, hydrogen sulfide a me nā mea ʻē aʻe He ʻala ʻokoʻa kona, a lōʻihi ka hana ʻana i ka anaerobic compost, a ʻo ka maʻamau he nui. mahina e popopo loa.ʻO ka ʻōpala maʻamau o ka pā hale he anaerobic composting.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana compost anaerobic i ʻelua mau pae:

ʻO ka pae mua ka pae hana waikawa.Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka bacteria e hoʻohua ana i ka ʻakika i nā mea olaola nui-mole i loko o nā ʻakika organik liʻiliʻi, ʻakika acetic, propanol a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka pae ʻelua ka pae hana methane.Ke hoʻomau nei nā Methanogens i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā waikawa organik i loko o ke kinoea methane.

ʻAʻohe oxygen e komo i ke kaʻina anaerobic, a ʻo ke kaʻina acidification e hoʻemi i ka ikehu.Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu i loko o nā molekele waikawa organik a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke kinoea methane ma lalo o ka hana o ka bacteria methane.Hōʻike ʻia ka compost anaerobic e nā ʻanuʻu pane he nui, lohi ka wikiwiki a me ka manawa lōʻihi.

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