Sucroseno ka 65-70% o ka hana kō o ka honua, a ʻo ke kaʻina hana e pono ai ka nui o ka mahu a me ka uila, a hoʻopuka i nā koena he nui ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Nā huahana a me nā mea hoʻohui o ke kō/sucrose.
Ma ke kaʻina hana o ke kō, ma waho aʻe o ke kō, ke kō a me nā huahana nui ʻē aʻe, aia ke kō, ka sludge, ʻeleʻele sucrose molasses a me nā huahana nui ʻē aʻe 3.
Paʻa kō: .
ʻO ke kō ko ke koena fiber ma hope o ka unuhi ʻia ʻana o ka wai kō.Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ke kō i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu organik.Akā, no ka mea, he cellulose maʻemaʻe ke kō, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe meaʻai, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻomomona kūpono, no laila pono e hoʻohui i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea momona e like me ka mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka lepo bipi, ka ʻōpala puaʻa a pēlā aku e haki ai. iho.
Molasses: .
ʻO ka molasses nā paʻakai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kopa C-grade i ka wā o ka centriforation molasses.Aia ma waena o 4 a me 4.5 pākēneka ka hua o ka molasses.Ua hoʻouna ʻia mai ka hale hana ma ke ʻano he ʻōpala.Eia nō naʻe, he kumu maikaʻi a wikiwiki hoʻi ka molasses no nā microorganism like ʻole a me ke ola lepo ma nā puʻu compost a i ʻole ka lepo.Loaʻa i ka molasses ka 27:1 carbon-to-nitrogen ration a loaʻa ma kahi o 21% soluble carbon.Hoʻohana ʻia ia i kekahi manawa no ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana a hana ʻana paha i ka ethanol ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i ka hānai pipi a ʻo ia hoʻi ka molasses-based fertilizer.
Pākēneka o nā meaʻai i loko o ka molasses.
ʻAʻole. | Mea ai. | % |
1 | Sucrose | 30-35 |
2 | ʻO ka glucose a me ka fructose | 10-25 |
3 | Wai | 23-23.5 |
4 | Hinahina | 16-16.5 |
5 | ʻO ka calcium a me ka potassium | 4.8-5 |
6 | ʻO nā hui kō ʻole | 2-3 |
7 | ʻO nā mea mineral ʻē aʻe | 1-2 |
kānana hale hana kōlepo: .
ʻO ka lepo kānana, ʻo ke koena nui o ka hana kō, ʻo ia ke koena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai kō ma o ka kānana ʻana, e helu ana no ka 2% o ke kaumaha o ka ʻohi kō.ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia ʻo ka ʻōpala kānana sucrose, ka ʻōpala kānana, ka ʻōpala kānana sucrose, ka lepo kānana kō, ka ʻōpala kānana kō.
Hiki i ka ʻōpala ke hoʻohaumia nui a, no kekahi mau hale kō, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻōpala a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻokele a me ka hoʻopau hope ʻana.Inā hoʻolei ʻia ma ka makemake, hiki ke hoʻohaumia i ka ea a me ka wai o ka lepo.No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo ka mea nui loa no nā wili kō a me nā keʻena mālama kaiapuni.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka kānana lepo: ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma muli o ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea mineral e pono ai no ka mea kanu mea kanu, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā keke kānana i mea hoʻomomona ma Brazil, India, Australia, Cuba, Pakistan, Taiwan, South Africa, Argentina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. .Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he pani piha a ʻāpana paha no nā mea kanu mineral no ka mahi kō a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka sludge ka mea kumu kumu no ka hana ʻana i ka bio-soil, ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia mai nā koena ʻōpala wai i hana ʻia mai nā hana distillery.
Ka waiwai o ka lepo ma ke ʻano he mea compost.
ʻO ka lakio o ka hana kō i kāna ʻala (65% wai) ma kahi o 10:3, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i ka 10 tons o ka hana kō ke hoʻohua i 1 tone o ka lepo kānana maloʻo.ʻO ka nui o ka hana kōpaʻa honua ma 2015 he 117.2 miliona tonnes, me Brazil, India a me Kina e helu ana i ka 75 pakeneka o ka hana honua.Ua manaʻo ʻia e hana ʻo India ma kahi o 520 miliona tons o ka lepo kānana i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka sludge slag ma ke kaiapuni, pono mākou e aʻo hou e pili ana i kāna haku ʻana i mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi loa!
ʻO ka waiwai kino a me ka haku mele ʻana o ka ʻōpala kānana kō: .
ʻAʻole. | Nā ʻāpana. | Waiwai. |
1. | Ph. | 4.95 % |
2. | Huina paa. | 27.87 % |
3. | Huina paʻa paʻa. | 84.00 % |
4. | COD | 117.60 % |
5. | BOD (ka wela 27 degere C, 5 lā) | 22.20 % |
6. | kalapona kalapona. | 48.80 % |
7. | Mea olaola. | 84.12 % |
8. | Nitrogen. | 1.75 % |
9. | Phosphorus. | 0.65 % |
10. | Potauma. | 0.28 % |
11. | Sodium. | 0.18 % |
12. | Kaluma. | 2.70 % |
13. | Sulfate. | 1.07 % |
14. | ʻO ke kō. | 7.92 % |
15. | Wax a momona. | 4.65 % |
Mai luna mai, ma kahi o 20-25% carbon carbon, aia ka lepo i ka nui o nā trace a me nā micronutrients.Nui nō hoʻi ka lepo i ka potassium, sodium a me ka phosphorus.He waiwai ia i ka phosphorus a me nā kumu kūlohelohe me ka nui o ka wai, e lilo ia i mea momona compost waiwai!ʻAʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia a i ʻole ka hana ʻia.ʻO nā hana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻonui ai i ka waiwai o ka mea hoʻomomona, ʻo ia ka compost, ka mālama ʻana i ka microbial, a me ka hui ʻana me ka wai ʻōpala...
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomomona organik no ka ʻōpala a me ka molasses.
compost.
ʻO ka lepo kānana kō mua (87.8%), mea kalapona (9.5%) e like me ka pauka mauʻu, ka pauka mauʻu, ka bran germ, ka palaoa palaoa, ka safflow, ka ʻōpala, etc., molasses (0.5%), mono-superphosphate ʻO ka waikawa (2.0% ), ʻo ka lepo sulfur (0.2%), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hui maikaʻi ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o 20 mau mika ma luna o ka honua, 2.3-2.5 mau mika ākea, a ma kahi o 2.6 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe ma ke kiʻekiʻe semicircular.Manaʻo kōkua: Pono ka laula kiʻekiʻe o ke ala makani e like me ka ʻikepili parameter o ke kaʻa compost āu e hoʻohana nei.
Hāʻawi i ka manawa kūpono no ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana o ka puʻu a pala, kahi hana e mau ana ma kahi o 14-21 mau lā.I loko o ke kaʻina hana compost, e hoʻoulu i ka puʻu a pīpī i ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu no ka mālama ʻana i 50-60% o ka wai.Mālama ka dumper i ka like a me ka hui ʻana o nā puʻu i ka wā o ka hana compost.Manaʻo kōkua: Hoʻohana ʻia ka dumper no ka hui pū ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi wikiwiki ʻana, a he mea pono ia i ke kaʻina hana o ka mea kanu organik.
'Ōlelo Aʻo: Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka makū, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa fermentation.ʻO ka mea like ʻole, hiki i ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai ke alakaʻi i ka fermentation ʻole.Pehea wau e ʻike ai inā ua popopo ka compost?Hōʻike ʻia ka compost popopo e ke ʻano ākea, hina-ʻeleʻele, ʻala ʻole, a ʻo ka compost e kūlike me ka mahana o ke kaiapuni a puni.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai o ka compost ma mua o 20%.
Granulation.
Hoʻouna ʻia ka compost popopo i ke kaʻina hana granulation - he mīkini hoʻomeamea momona hou.
Hoʻomaloʻo.
Maʻaneʻi, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka molasses (0.5% o ka nui o nā mea maka) a me ka wai ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka mea maloʻo e hana i nā ʻāpana.Hoʻohana ka mea maloʻo maloʻo i ka ʻenehana hoʻomaloʻo kino e hana i nā ʻāpana i nā mahana o 240-250 degere C a hoʻemi i ka ʻike wai i 10%.
Ka nānā ʻana.
Ma hope o ka granulation, e hoʻouna i ke kaʻina screening - roller sieve extender.ʻO ka awelika nui o nā bioferts he 5mm ke anawaena no ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.ʻO nā ʻāpana nui a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e hoʻi i ke kaʻina hana granulation.
Hoʻopili ʻana.
Hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka nui i ke kaʻina hana hoʻopihapiha - mīkini hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha, ma o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i nā ʻeke, hoʻouna ʻia ka huahana hope i nā wahi like ʻole.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hana o ka mea kanu organik o ka lepo kānana.
- Kū'ē kiʻekiʻe i ka maʻi:
I ke kaʻina o ka mālama ʻana i ka sludge, hoʻonui wikiwiki nā microorganism, e hana ana i ka nui o nā antibiotics, hormones a me nā metabolites kikoʻī.ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mea kanu i ka lepo e hiki ke pale pono i ka ulu ʻana o nā pathogens a me nā mauʻu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi.ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka lepo pulu a hiki ke hele maʻalahi i nā hua bacteria, nā hua mauʻu a me nā hua i nā mea kanu, e pili ana i ko lākou ulu ʻana.
- ʻO ka momona kiʻekiʻe:
No ka mea he 7-15 mau lā wale nō ka fermentation, e like me ka hiki ke mālama i nā mea kanu lepo kānana, me ka decomposition o nā microorganisms, paʻakikī ke komo ʻana i nā mea i loko o nā meaʻai kūpono.Hiki ke hoʻopiha hou i nā meaʻai e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka mea kanu.
- Hoʻonui i ka momona o ka lepo a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lepo:
Inā ka lōʻihi-makahiki hoʻohana o ka hoʻokahi fertilizer, e lohi hoʻopau lepo fertility, no laila, i ka lepo microorganisms emi, no laila, i ka enzyme maʻiʻo ua emi, colloidal pōʻino, ka hopena i ka lepo solidification, acidification a me ka salinization.Hiki ke hoʻohui hou i ke one, hoʻokuʻu i ka pālolo, kaohi i nā pathogens, hoʻihoʻi i ka micro-ecological environment lepo, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka permeability o ka lepo, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke mālama i ka makū a me nā meaʻai.
- E hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hua a me ka maikaʻi:
Hoʻopili ʻia nā meaʻai o ka kānana mud organic fertilizer ma o ka ʻōnaehana aʻa i kūkulu ʻia a me nā ʻōpala lau ikaika o ka mea kanu, e hāpai ana i ka germination, ulu, pua, germination a me ka maturation o ka hua.Hoʻomaikaʻi nui ia i ke ʻano a me ke kala o nā huahana mahiʻai a hoʻonui i ka ʻono o ke kō a me nā hua.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lepo bio-organic fertilizer ma ke ʻano he mea kanu kumu, i ka wā ulu, hiki i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka noi ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻokele a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu ʻāina.
- Hoʻohana nui ʻia:
ʻO ke kō, ka maiʻa, nā lāʻau huaʻai, nā meloni, nā mea kanu, ke kī, nā pua, nā ʻuala, ka paka, ka hānai, etc.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-22-2020