ʻO ka mālama kūpono a me ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana i ka manure holoholona hiki ke loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā nui no ka hapa nui o nā mahiʻai, akā no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kā lākou ʻoihana ponoʻī.
Mea hoʻomomona olaolahe ʻano fertilizer me nā hana o ka microbial fertilizer a me nā mea kanu organik, ka mea nui i loaʻa mai nā koena o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu (e like me ka manure holoholona, ka mauʻu hua, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a ua haku ʻia e ka mālama pono ʻole.
ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻoholo ai he ʻelua ʻāpana o ka fertilizer organik: 1) hana kikoʻī o nā microorganisms.2) mālama ʻia ka ʻōpala organik.
1) Nā microorganism hana kūikawā
ʻO nā microorganisms hana kūikawā i loko o ka mea hoʻomomona olaola e pili ana i nā microorganisms, me nā ʻano bacteria like ʻole, fungi a me actinomycetes, hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā meaʻai lepo a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ma hope o ka noi ʻana i ka lepo.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana kikoʻī penei:
1. ʻO ka bacteria hoʻopaʻa i ka nitrogen:
(1) symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria: e pili ana i ka leguminous crop rhizobia e like me: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, chronic ammonia-fixing rhizobia seedlings, etc.;Non-leguminous crop symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria e like me Franklinella, Cyanobacteria, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou hana hoʻoponopono nitrogen.
(2) Autogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria: like me ka poepoe brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, etc.
(3) ʻO nā hua bacteria hoʻopaʻa naikokene hui: pili i nā microorganisms hiki ke noho mehameha ke noho i loko o ke aʻa a me nā lau lau o ka rhizosphere mea kanu, e like me Pseudomonas genus, lipogenic nitrogen-fixing helicobacteria, etc.
2. ʻO ka phosphorus dissolving (dissolving) fungi: Bacillus (e like me Bacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, a me nā mea'ē aʻe), Pseudomonas (e like me Pseudomonas fluorescens), bacteria paʻa Nitrogen, Rhizobium, Thiobacillus thiocilliums, Thiobacillus thiocilliums, Nitrogen. , Streptomyces, etc.
3. Dissolved (dissolved) potassium bacteria: silicate bacteria (e like me colloid Bacillus, colloid Bacillus, cyclosporillus), non-silicate potassium bacteria.
4. Antibiotic: Trichoderma (e like me Trichoderma harzianum), actinomycetes (e like me Streptomyces flatus, Streptomyces sp. sp.), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis varieties, etc.
5. Rhizosphere ulu-hoʻoulu hua bacteria a mea kanu ulu-hoʻoulu haʻakai.
6. ʻO nā maʻi bacteria platform māmā: he mau ʻano o ka genus Pseudomonas gracilis a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka genus Pseudomonas gracilis.ʻO kēia mau ʻano he bacteria aerobic facultative hiki ke ulu i mua o ka hydrogen a kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu kūlohelohe.
7. ʻO nā hua bacteria kūʻē i nā pepeke a hoʻonui i ka hana: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Phylloidase, Cordyceps a me Bacillus.
8. Cellulose decomposition bacteria: thermophilic lateral spora, Trichoderma, Mucor, etc.
9. Nā microorganism hana ʻē aʻe: ma hope o ke komo ʻana o nā microorganism i ka lepo, hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i nā mea hana physiological e hoʻoulu a hoʻoponopono i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu.Loaʻa kekahi o lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hopena decomposition i nā toxins lepo, e like me ka hū a me ka lactic acid bacteria.
2) ʻO nā mea olaola i loaʻa mai nā koena holoholona i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia nā mea kūlohelohe me ka ʻole o ka fermentation, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele mai i ka mākeke.
I mea e hoʻopili pono ai ka bacteria me ka mea maka a hoʻokō i ka fermentation maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻoulu like ʻia ma o kamīkini hoʻoheheʻe composte like me lalo:
Mea hoʻohana maʻamau:
(1) ʻAi: ka moa, ka puaʻa, ka bipi, ka hipa, ka lio a me nā mea ʻai holoholona ʻē aʻe;
(2) Mauʻu: mauʻu kulina, mauʻu, mauʻu palaoa, mauʻu soya a me nā ʻōpala hua ʻē aʻe;
(3) ʻili a me ka ʻōpala.ʻO ka pauka laiki, ka pauka pīkī, ka pauka hua pīkī, ka pauka laiki, ka ʻōpala haʻi, a pēlā aku;
(4) nā ʻōpala: nā ʻōpala o ka distiller, nā ʻōpala soy, nā ʻōpala vīneka, nā ʻōpala furfural, nā xylose dregs, nā enzyme dregs, nā ʻōpala kālika, nā ʻōpala kō, etc.
(5) ʻai keke.Paʻa soya, ʻai soya, ʻaila, keke rapeseed, etc.
(6) ʻO nā ʻōpala hale ʻē aʻe, ka lepo kānana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kō, ka lepo kō, ka bagasse, etc.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea maka ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai kōkua no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomoʻi kūlohelohe ma hope o ka fermentation.
Me nā microorganism kikoʻī a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe decomposed hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau kūlana ʻelua me nā mea kanu kūlohelohe.
1) ʻano hoʻohui pololei
1, koho i ka bacteria microbial kiko'ī: hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me hoʻokahi a ʻelua ʻano, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu ʻano, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koho o ka bacteria, hoʻokūkū no nā meaʻai ma waena o kekahi, alakaʻi pololei i ka hana like o ka offset.
2. Ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻohui: e like me ka NY884-2012 maʻamau o ka mea kanu bio-organic ma Kina, ʻo ka helu kūpono o nā bacteria ola o nā mea kanu bio-organic e hiki i 0.2 miliona / g.I loko o hoʻokahi tona o nā mea kūlohelohe, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o 2 kg o nā microorganism hana kūikawā me ka helu kūpono o nā bacteria ola ≥10 biliona/g.Inā he 1 billion/g ka nui o nā bacteria ola, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o 20 kg, a pēlā aku.Pono nā ʻāina like ʻole e hoʻohui i nā pae like ʻole.
3. Hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano: E hoʻohui i ka bacteria hana (pauka) i ka mea ʻala i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka manual hana, e hoʻoulu like a pūʻulu.
4. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa: (1) Mai hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 100 ℃, inā ʻaʻole ia e pepehi i ka bacteria hana.Inā pono e maloʻo, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana.(2) Ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, ʻaʻole pinepine ka ʻike o ka bacteria i loko o nā mea kanu kūlohelohe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ke ʻano helu helu maʻamau, no laila i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia nā microorganisms hana ma mua o 10% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻikepili kūpono. .
2) ke ʻano o ka wā kahiko a hoʻonui i ka moʻomeheu
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano hoʻohui pololei, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano no ka mālama ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka bacteria.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa, pono nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā microbes kikoʻī e hoʻohui, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo 20% a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui pololei ʻana, a hiki i ka maʻamau o ka ʻāina biological organic fertilizer standard ma o ke ʻano ʻelemakule lua.ʻO nā ʻanuʻu hana penei:
1. E koho i nā hua bacteria microbial (pauka): hiki i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua ʻano, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu ʻano, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka bacteria e koho ai, hoʻokūkū i nā meaʻai ma waena o kekahi, alakaʻi pololei i ka hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole.
2. Ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻohui: e like me ke ʻano o ka fertilizer bio-organic ma Kina, ʻo ka helu kūpono o nā bacteria ola o ka bio-organic fertilizer e hiki i ka 0.2 miliona / g.I loko o hoʻokahi tona o nā mea olaola, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka helu kūpono o nā bacteria ola ≥10 biliona/g o ka microbial hana kūikawā (pauka) ma kahi o 0.4 kg.Inā he 1 biliona/g ka nui o ka bacteria ola, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o 4 kg, a pēlā aku.Pono nā ʻāina like ʻole e hahai i nā kūlana like ʻole no ka hoʻohui kūpono.
3. Hoʻohui i ke ʻano: ʻo ka bacterial hana (pauka) a me ka palaoa palaoa, ka pauka husk raiki, bran a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe o lākou no ka hui ʻana, e hoʻohui pono i nā mea kūlohelohe fermented, hui pū ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā lā 3-5 e hana i ka kikoʻī. hoʻolaha ponoʻī bacteria hana.
4. Ka mākū a me ka wela: i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka fermentation, pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ka makū a me ka mahana e like me nā ʻano kūlohelohe o ka bacteria hana.Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.
5. ʻIke maʻiʻo bacteria kiko'ī: ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka laʻana a hoʻouna ʻia i ke keʻena me ka hiki ke ʻike i ka microbial e hoʻāʻo mua inā hiki i ka ʻike o nā microorganism kikoʻī ke kūpono i ka maʻamau, inā hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea kanu kūlohelohe. ma keia ano.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēia, e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā bacteria hana kūikawā i 40% o ke ʻano hoʻohui pololei a hana hou i ka hoʻokolohua a hiki i ka holomua.
6. Pono: Mai hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 100 ℃, inā ʻaʻole ia e pepehi i ka bacteria hana.Inā pono e maloʻo, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana.
I ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu bio-organic ma hope o ka fermentation, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ka pauka, e lele pinepine me ka makani i ke kau maloʻo, e hoʻopau ai i nā mea maka a me ka lepo lepo.No laila, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka lepo a pale i ka caking, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana granulation.Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka granulator niho hoʻoulu ʻia i ke kiʻi ma luna no ka granulation, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka humic acid, carbon black, kaolin a me nā mea paʻakikī ʻē aʻe e granulate maka.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-18-2021