ʻO ka mālama kūpono a me ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana i ka manure holoholona hiki ke loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā nui no ka hapa nui o nā mahiʻai, akā no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kā lākou ʻoihana ponoʻī.
Mea hoʻomomona olaolahe ʻano fertilizer me nā hana o ka microbial fertilizer a me nā mea kanu organik, ka mea nui i loaʻa mai nā koena o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu (e like me ka manure holoholona, ka mauʻu hua, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a ua haku ʻia e ka mālama pono ʻole.
Hoʻoholo kēia he ʻelua ʻāpana o ka mea hoʻomomona olaola: (1) hana kikoʻī o nā microorganisms.(2) mālama ʻia ka ʻōpala organik.
(1) Nā microorganism hana kūikawā
ʻO nā microorganisms hana kūikawā i loko o ka mea hoʻomomona olaola e pili ana i nā microorganisms, me nā ʻano bacteria like ʻole, fungi a me actinomycetes, hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā meaʻai lepo a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ma hope o ka noi ʻana i ka lepo.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana kikoʻī penei:
1.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: (1) symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria: ka mea nui i ka leguminous crop rhizobia e like me: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, chronic ammonia-fixing rhizobia seedlings, etc.;Non leguminous crop symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria e like me Franklinella, Cyanobacteria, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou hana hoʻoponopono nitrogen.② ʻO nā bacteria hoʻopaʻa i ka nitrogen autogenous: e like me ka poepoe brown brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, etc. (3) Joint nitrogen-fixing bacteria: pili i nā microorganisms hiki ke noho mehameha ke noho ma ke kumu a me ka lau o ka rhizosphere mea kanu , e like me Pseudomonas genus, lipogenic nitrogen-fixing helicobacteria, etc.
2.Phosphorus dissolving (dissolving): Bacillus (e like me Bacillus megacephalus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus humilus, etc.), Pseudomonas (e like me Pseudomonas fluorescens), Nitrogen-fixed bacteria, Rhizobium, Thiobacillus thiooxidpuslium, Thiobacillus thiooxidpuslium , Streptomyces, etc.
3. Dissolved (dissolved) potassium bacteria: silicate bacteria (e like me colloid Bacillus, colloid Bacillus, cyclosporillus), non-silicate potassium bacteria.
4.Antibiotics: Trichoderma (e like me Trichoderma harzianum), actinomycetes (e like me Streptomyces flatus, Streptomyces sp. sp.), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis varieties, etc.
5.Rhizosphere hoʻonui i ka hua bacteria a me ka ulu ulu-hoʻouluʻana i nā haʻiki.
6.Light platform bacteria: kekahi mau ʻano o ka genus Pseudomonas gracilis a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka genus Pseudomonas gracilis.ʻO kēia mau ʻano he bacteria aerobic facultative hiki ke ulu i mua o ka hydrogen a kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu kūlohelohe.
7. Ke kū'ē'ē a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hua bacteria: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Phylloidase, Cordyceps a me Bacillus.
8. Cellulose decomposition bacteria: thermophilic lateral spora, Trichoderma, Mucor, etc.
9. ʻO nā microorganisms hana'ē aʻe: ma hope o ke komoʻana o nā microorganisms i ka lepo, hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i nā mea hana physiological e hoʻoulu a hoʻoponopono i ka uluʻana o ka mea kanu.Loaʻa kekahi o lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hopena decomposition i nā toxins lepo, e like me ka hū a me ka lactic acid bacteria.
2) ʻO nā mea olaola i loaʻa mai nā koena holoholona i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia nā mea kūlohelohe me ka ʻole o ka fermentation, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele mai i ka mākeke.
I mea e hoʻopili pono ai ka bacteria me ka mea maka a hoʻokō i ka fermentation maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻoulu like ʻia ma o ka compmīkini hoʻololi oste like me lalo:
Mea hoʻohana maʻamau
(1) Feces: ka moa, ka puaʻa, ka bipi, ka hipa, ka lio a me nā mea ʻai holoholona ʻē aʻe.
(2) Mauʻu: mauʻu kulina, mauʻu, mauʻu palaoa, mauʻu soybean a me nā ʻōpala hua ʻē aʻe.
(3) ʻili a me ka ʻōpala.ʻO ka pauka laiki, ka pauka pīkī, ka pauka seedling, ka pauka laiki, ka pauka fungus, etc.
(4) nā ʻōpala: nā ʻōpala o ka distiller, nā ʻōpala soy, nā ʻōpala vīneka, nā ʻōpala furfural, nā xylose dregs, nā enzyme dregs, nā ʻōpala kālika, nā ʻōpala kō, etc.
(5) ʻai keke.Paʻa soya, ʻai soya, ʻaila, keke rapeseed, etc.
(6) ʻO nā ʻōpala hale ʻē aʻe, ka lepo kānana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kō, ka lepo kō, ka bagasse, etc.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea maka ma ke ʻano he meaʻai waiwai kōkua noka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu olaolamahope o ka fermentation.
Me nā microorganism kikoʻī a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe decomposed hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau kūlana ʻelua me nā mea kanu kūlohelohe.
1) ʻano hoʻohui pololei
1, koho i ka bacteria microbial kiko'ī: hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me hoʻokahi a ʻelua ʻano, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu ʻano, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koho o ka bacteria, hoʻokūkū no nā meaʻai ma waena o kekahi, alakaʻi pololei i ka hana like o ka offset.
2. Ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻohui: e like me ka NY884-2012 maʻamau o ka mea kanu bio-organic ma Kina, ʻo ka helu kūpono o nā bacteria ola o nā mea kanu bio-organic e hiki i 0.2 miliona / g.I loko o hoʻokahi tona o nā mea kūlohelohe, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o 2 kg o nā microorganism hana kūikawā me ka helu kūpono o nā bacteria ola ≥10 biliona/g.Inā he 1 billion/g ka nui o nā bacteria ola, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o 20 kg, a pēlā aku.Pono nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hoʻohui i nā koina like ʻole.
3. Hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano: E hoʻohui i ka bacteria hana (pauka) i ka mea ʻala i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka manual hana, e hoʻoulu like a pūʻulu.
4. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa: (1) Mai hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 100 ℃, inā ʻaʻole ia e pepehi i ka bacteria hana.Inā pono e maloʻo, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana.(2) Ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, ʻaʻole pinepine ka ʻike o ka bacteria i loko o nā mea kanu kūlohelohe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ke ʻano helu helu maʻamau, no laila i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia nā microorganisms hana ma mua o 10% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻikepili kūpono. .
2) ke ʻano hana moʻomeheu lua a me ka hoʻonui ʻana
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano hoʻohui pololei, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano no ka mālama ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka bacteria.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa, pono nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā microbes kikoʻī e hoʻohui, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana he 20% a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano hoʻohui pololei a hiki i ka maʻamau o ka fertilizer organik biological national ma o ke ʻano ʻelemakule lua.ʻO nā ʻanuʻu hana penei:
1. E koho i ka hua bacteria microbial (pauka): hiki ke hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua ʻano, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau ʻano, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua bacteria e koho ai, hoʻokūkū i nā meaʻai ma waena o kekahi, alakaʻi pololei i ka hopena o nā ʻano bacteria like ʻole.
2. Ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻohui: e like me ke ʻano o ka fertilizer bio-organic ma Kina, ʻo ka helu kūpono o nā bacteria ola o ka bio-organic fertilizer e hiki i ka 0.2 miliona / g.I loko o hoʻokahi tona o nā mea olaola, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka helu kūpono o nā bacteria ola ≥10 biliona/g o ka microbial hana kūikawā (pauka) ma kahi o 0.4 kg.Inā he 1 biliona/g ka nui o ka bacteria ola, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o 4 kg, a pēlā aku.Pono nā ʻāina like ʻole e hahai i nā kūlana like ʻole no ka hoʻohui kūpono.
3. Hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano: ʻo ka bacterial hana (pauka) a me ka palaoa palaoa, ka pauka husk, bran a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe o lākou no ka hui ʻana, e hoʻohui pono i nā mea kūlohelohe fermented, hui pū ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā lā 3-5 e hana i ka kikoʻī. hoʻolaha ponoʻī bacteria hana.
4. Ka mākū a me ka wela: i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka fermentation, pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ka makū a me ka mahana e like me nā ʻano kūlohelohe o ka bacteria hana.Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.
5. ʻO ka ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka maʻi bacteria: ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka laʻana a hoʻouna ʻia i ke keʻena me ka hiki ke ʻike i ka microbial e hoʻāʻo mua inā hiki i ka ʻike o nā microorganism kikoʻī ke hoʻokō i ka maʻamau, inā hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea kanu kūlohelohe. ma keia ano.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēia, e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā bacteria hana kūikawā i 40% o ke ʻano hoʻohui pololei a hana hou i ka hoʻokolohua a hiki i ka holomua.
6. Pono: Mai hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka wela kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 100 ℃, inā ʻaʻole ia e pepehi i ka bacteria hana.Inā pono e maloʻo, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana.
I kaka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu bio-organicma hope o ka fermentation, he mau mea pauda ia, e lele pinepine ana me ka makani i ke kau maloʻo, e hoʻopau ana i nā mea maka a me ka lepo lepo.No laila, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka lepo a pale aku i ka caking,kaʻina hana granulationhoʻohana pinepine ʻia.Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohanaka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka niho granulatori ke kiʻi ma luna no ka granulation, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka humic acid, kalapona ʻeleʻele, kaolin a me nā mea paʻakikī ʻē aʻe e granulate maka.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-18-2021