Pepehi nui nā mea kanu i nā microorganism ʻino e like me nā mea kanu pathogenic bacteria, nā hua manu, nā ʻanoʻano weed, etc.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hana nui o nā microorganism i kēia kaʻina hana ka metabolism a me ka hana hou ʻana, a he liʻiliʻi wale nō ka mea i hana ʻia.ʻO nā metabolites, a ʻaʻole paʻa kēia mau metabolites a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e komo i nā mea kanu.I ka wā hoʻoluʻu hope, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa nā microorganism i nā mea kūlohelohe a hana i ka nui o nā metabolites e pono ai ka ulu a me ka absorption.ʻO kēia kaʻina hana he 45-60 mau lā.
Hiki i ka compost ke hoʻokō i ʻekolu mau pahuhopu:
ʻekahi.ʻAʻole ia he pōʻino, mālama ʻia nā mea ola kino a i ʻole kemika i loko o ka ʻōpala organik ma ke ʻano palekana a palekana paha;
ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka humusification.ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka humusification o nā mea organik lepo e decompose.ʻO nā huahana decomposition maʻalahi i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka hana a nā microorganisms e hana i nā pūhui organik hou-humus.ʻO kēia keʻano o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana, kahiʻano o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā meaʻai;
ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā metabolites microbial.I ka wā o ka metabolism o nā microorganisms, ua hana ʻia nā ʻano metabolites, e like me nā amino acids, nucleotides, polysaccharides, lipids, vitamina, antibiotics, a me nā mea protein.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana fermentation o ka compost organik ke kaʻina o ka metabolism a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā microorganisms like ʻole.ʻO ke kaʻina metabolic o nā microorganisms ke kaʻina o ka decomposition o nā mea organik.ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea olaola e hoʻoulu ʻia ka ikehu e hoʻonui ai i ka mahana.ʻO ka make, ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole a me nā microorganisms i ke kaʻina hana compost e hana ʻia i ka manawa like.Inā mai ka manaʻo o ka thermodynamics, biology a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea, ʻaʻole he manawa pōkole ke kaʻina hana fermentation composting no kekahi mau lā a i ʻole ʻumi lā.ʻO ka mea hiki ke hana ʻia ke kumu e hoʻomau mau ai ka composting i nā lā 45-60 ʻoiai inā e hoʻomalu maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano wela like ʻole, ka haʻahaʻa, ka wai, nā microorganism a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ke kaʻina hana fermentation o ka compost fertilizer organik ke kahua hoʻomehana → ke kahua wela kiʻekiʻe → ke kahua hoʻoluʻu → ke kūlana oʻo a me ka mālama wela.
1. ʻAi kuni
I ka pae mua o ka hana compost, ʻo nā microorganisms i loko o ka compost ka nui o nā ʻano wela waena a me nā ʻano aerobic, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau he bacteria non-spore, spore bacteria a me nā mold.Hoʻomaka lākou i ke kaʻina hana fermentation o ka compost, hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea ola maʻalahi ma lalo o nā kūlana aerobic a hoʻohua nui i ka wela, a hoʻonui mau i ka mahana compost mai kahi o 20 ° C a 40 ° C, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pae wela.
2. Ke kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe
Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana, hoʻololi mālie nā microorganism thermophilic i nā ʻano mesophilic a pāʻani i ke kuleana nui.Ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma luna o 50°C i loko o kekahi mau lā, e komo ana i ka pae wela kiʻekiʻe.
I ka pae wela kiʻekiʻe, lilo nā thermoactinomycetes a me nā haʻi thermogenic i mea nui.Hoʻopau ikaika lākou i ka mea olaola paʻakikī i loko o ka compost, hōʻiliʻili i ka wela, a piʻi ka mahana compost i 60-80°C.
3. Ke kahua hooluolu
Ke hoʻomau ʻia ka pae wela kiʻekiʻe no kekahi manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka cellulose, hemicellulose, a me nā mea pectin ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, waiho ʻia nā mea paʻakikī e paʻakikī i ka decompose a me nā humus hou i hana ʻia, nāwaliwali ka hana o nā microorganisms, a me ka mālie mālie. hāʻule.Ke hāʻule ka mahana ma lalo o 40°C, lilo hou nā microorganisms mesophilic i mea nui.
4. Ka pae o ka decomposing a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mea momona
Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka compost, emi ka leo, a hāʻule ka mahana o ka compost i kahi kiʻekiʻe iki ma mua o ka mahana.I kēia manawa, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka compost i mea e hoʻoulu ai i kahi kūlana anaerobic a hoʻonāwaliwali i ka mineralization o nā mea organik e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mālama ʻana i ka momona.
Hiki i ka mineralization o ka compost organik ke hāʻawi i nā mea kanu a me nā microorganisms me nā meaʻai wikiwiki, hāʻawi i ka ikehu no nā hana microbial, a hoʻomākaukau i nā kumu kumu no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā mea organik compost.
Nā hōʻailona kuhikuhi no ke kaʻina hana fermentation fertilizer:
1. Looseness
Hoʻomaka ke ʻano fermentation biological e wehe i ka lā ʻehā o ka fermentation a ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana haʻihaʻi.
2. Aala
Ua hoʻomaka ke ʻano bio-fermentation e hoʻemi i ka ʻala mai ka lua o ka lā, nalo loa i ka lā ʻehā, nalo loa i ka lā ʻelima, a hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻala o ka lepo i ka lā ʻehiku.
3. Ka wela
Ua hōʻea ke ʻano fermentation biological i ka pae wela kiʻekiʻe ma ka lā 2nd, a hoʻomaka e hāʻule i hope i ka lā 7.E mālama i ka pae wela kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi, a e pau loa ka fermentation.
4. Waiwai PH
ʻO ka waiwai pH o ke ʻano fermentation biological a hiki i 6.5.
5. Māmā maʻemaʻe
ʻO 55% ka mākū mua o ka fermentation raw material, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka maʻamau o ke ʻano fermentation biological i 30%.
6. Naikokene Ammonium (NH4+-N)
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka fermentation, piʻi wikiwiki ka ʻike o ka ammonium nitrogen a hiki i ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa i ka lā 4.ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ammoniation a me ka mineralization o ka nitrogen organik.Ma hope iho, ua nalowale ka ammonium nitrogen i loko o ka mea hoʻomomona organik a hoʻololi ʻia ma muli o ka volatilization.Lilo ia i ka nitrogen nitrate a emi mālie.Ke emi ka ammonium nitrogen ma mua o 400mg/kg, hiki i ka hōʻailona oʻo.Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike o ka ammonium nitrogen i ke ʻano fermentation biological i kahi 215mg/kg.
7. Lakiō kalapona me ka nitrogen
Ke piʻi ka lākiō C/NC/N o ka compost ma lalo o 20, hiki ia i ka helu oʻo.
Hoʻokaʻawale: ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻikepili i kēia ʻatikala no ka ʻike wale nō.
No nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī hou aku a i ʻole nā huahana, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā i kā mākou pūnaewele official:
www.yz-mac.com
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-29-2021