Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka ʻōpala meaʻai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua a me ka nui o nā kūlanakauhale.Hoʻolei ʻia nā miliona o nā meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpala a puni ka honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ma kahi kokoke i 30% o nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā kīʻaha, nā ʻiʻo a me nā meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kiola ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ua lilo ka ʻōpala meaʻai i pilikia kaiapuni nui ma kēlā me kēia ʻāina.ʻO ka nui o ka ʻōpala meaʻai ke kumu o ka haumia koʻikoʻi, ka mea e hōʻino ai i ka ea, ka wai, ka lepo a me nā mea olaola.Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōpala meaʻai i ka anaerobicly e hana i nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me ka methane, carbon dioxide a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.Hoʻopuka ka ʻōpala meaʻai i ka like me 3.3 biliona toni o nā kinoea hoʻomehana honua.ʻO ka ʻōpala meaʻai, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hoʻolei ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻāina e lawe ana i nā ʻāpana ʻāina nui, e hana ana i ke kinoea pae ʻāina a me ka lepo lana.Inā ʻaʻole mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka leachate i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e hoʻohaumia ʻia ke kumu lua, haumia lepo a me ka pollution wai lepo.
Loaʻa nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi o ka inineration a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a ʻo ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka ʻōpala meaʻai e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou.
Pehea e hana ʻia ai ka ʻōpala meaʻai i mea hoʻomomona.
Hiki ke hoʻopuehu ʻia nā huaʻai, nā lau ʻai, nā hua waiu, ka palaoa, ka pā kope, nā ʻili hua manu, ka ʻiʻo a me nā nūpepa.ʻO ka ʻōpala meaʻai he mea hoʻopuehu kūʻokoʻa kahi kumu nui o nā mea olaola.Loaʻa ka ʻōpala meaʻai i nā mea kemika like ʻole, e like me ka starch, cellulose, protein lipids a me nā paʻakai inorganic, a me N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, K kekahi mau mea ʻala.He biodegradable maikaʻi ka ʻōpala meaʻai, hiki ke hiki i 85%.Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻiʻo organik kiʻekiʻe, ka wai kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o nā meaʻai, a he kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai recycling.No ka mea, loaʻa i nā ʻōpala meaʻai nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻamau kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kino, he mea nui ia e hoʻohui i ka ʻōpala meaʻai hou me ka bulking agent, kahi e hoʻomoʻi ai i ka wai nui a hoʻohui i ka hale e hui.
He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka meaʻai meaʻai, me ka protein crude no 15% - 23%, momona no 17% - 24%, nā minerala no 3% - 5%, Ca no 54%, sodium chloride no 3% - 4%, etc.
ʻenehana kaʻina hana a me nā mea hana e pili ana no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōpala meaʻai i mea hoʻomomona.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻāina e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu kekahi mau ʻāina hoʻomohala i kahi ʻōnaehana mālama ʻōpala meaʻai maikaʻi.I Kelemānia, no ka laʻana, mālama nui ʻia ka ʻōpala meaʻai ma o ka compost a me ka anaerobic fermentation, e hana ana ma kahi o 5 miliona mau toni o nā mea kanu mai nā ʻōpala meaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ma ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōpala meaʻai ma UK, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ma kahi o 20 miliona tons o CO2 i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Hoʻohana ʻia ka composting ma kahi o 95% o nā kūlanakauhale ʻo US.Hiki i ka compost ke lawe mai i nā pono kaiapuni like ʻole, me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka haumia o ka wai, a he nui nā pono waiwai.
♦ Ka wai maloʻo
ʻO ka wai ka ʻāpana kumu o ka ʻōpala meaʻai i helu ʻia no 70% -90%, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka pau ʻana o ka meaʻai.No laila, ʻo ka dehydration ka mea nui loa i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻōpala meaʻai i mea hoʻomomona.
ʻO ka ʻōpala meaʻai ma mua o ka mālama ʻana ʻo ia ka hana mua i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala meaʻai.Loaʻa iā ia ka Dewatering Systemà Feeding Systemà Automatic Sorting Systemà Solid-Liquid separatorà Oil-Water Separatorà In-vessel composter.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kahe kumu i nā ʻanuʻu penei:
1. Pono e ho'oma'ema'e mua 'ia ka 'ōpala mea'ai no ka mea he nui loa ka wai.
2. Ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala mai nā ʻōpala meaʻai, e like me nā metala, ka lāʻau, ka plastik, ka pepa, nā lole, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.
3. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpala meaʻai a hāʻawi ʻia i loko o kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale wai paʻa no ka ʻuʻi ʻana, dehydration a me ka degreasing.
4. Hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia nā koena meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoneʻe i ka makū a me nā microorganism pathogenic like ʻole.ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka maloʻo o ka ʻōpala meaʻai i koi ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka compost, a hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻōpala meaʻai i loko o ka composter i loko o ka moku ma o ka conveyor kāʻei.
5. ʻO ka wai i wehe ʻia mai ka ʻōpala meaʻai he hui ʻia o ka aila a me ka wai, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale wai ʻaila.Hana ʻia ka ʻaila i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka biodiesel a i ʻole ka aila ʻoihana.
Loaʻa i ka mea kanu ʻōpala meaʻai holoʻokoʻa nā mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻopuka kiʻekiʻe, ka hana palekana, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka pōʻai hana pōkole.
♦ Kopo
pahu fermentationHe ʻano pahu piha piha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana fermentation aerobic kiʻekiʻe, kahi e pani ai i ka ʻenehana hoʻopololei kuʻuna.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i pani ʻia a me ke kaʻina hana compost wikiwiki i loko o ka pahu e hoʻopuka ai i ka compost kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia a ʻoi aku ka paʻa.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka compost i loko o ka moku, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana ka mea nui i ka wā e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai.Loaʻa ka ʻoki wikiwiki ʻana o nā mea ola maʻalahi ma o ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana wela maikaʻi loa no nā micro-organism.Pono ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wela kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā micro-organism a me nā hua mauʻu.ʻO ka fermentation kahi kick-hoʻomaka e nā micro-organism maoli i loko o ka ʻōpala meaʻai, wāwahi lākou i nā mea wai wai, hoʻokuʻu i nā meaʻai, hoʻonui i ka mahana i ka 60-70 ° C pono e pepehi i nā pathogens a me nā hua mauʻu, a hālāwai me ka nā lula no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻōpala organik.ʻO ka composting i loko o ka moku ka wikiwiki o ka decomposition manawa, hiki ke compost i nā ʻōpala meaʻai i loko o 4 mau lā.Ma hope o nā lā 4-7 wale nō, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka compost, ʻaʻohe mea ʻala, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, a waiwai nui i nā mea kūlohelohe, a loaʻa ka waiwai nutrient kaulike.
ʻO kēia mea ʻala ʻole, aseptic organic fertilizer i hana ʻia e ka composter ʻaʻole wale e mālama i ka ʻāina hoʻopiha no ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni, akā e lawe pū kekahi i nā pono waiwai.
♦ Granulation
Granular organic fertilizerspāʻani koʻikoʻi i nā hoʻolālā hoʻolako fertilizer ʻaoʻao honua.ʻO ke kī i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mea kanu organik ʻo ke koho ʻana i ka mīkini granulation fertilizer kūpono.ʻO Granulation ke kaʻina hana o nā mea i loko o nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻonui ia i ka waiwai o ka ʻenehana, pale i ka caking a hoʻonui i nā waiwai kahe, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻouka ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ma o kā mākou mīkini hoʻomoʻa momona momona.Hiki ke piʻi i ka 100% ka nui o ka granulation, a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i ka 100%.
No ka mahiʻai nui, pono ka nui o ka ʻāpana kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mākeke.Hiki i kā mākou mīkini ke hana i nā mea kanu organik me ka nui like ʻole, e like me 0.5mm-1.3mm, 1.3mm-3mm, 2mm-5mm.ʻO Granulation o nā mea kanu organikhāʻawi i kekahi o nā ala kūpono loa e hoʻohui i nā minerala e hana i kahi mea momona multi-nutrient, e ʻae i ka mālama nui ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, a me ka maʻalahi o ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka noi.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fertilizers organik granular, ʻaʻole lākou i nā mea ʻala maikaʻi ʻole, nā ʻanoʻano weed, a me nā pathogens, a ua ʻike ʻia ko lākou ʻano.I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka manure holoholona, loaʻa iā lākou he 4.3 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nitrogen (N), 4 mau manawa phosphorous (P2O5) a me ka nui o 8.2 mau manawa o ka potassium (K2O).Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Granular fertilizer i ka hiki ʻana o ka lepo ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae humus, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona huahana he nui: ke kino, kemika, nā waiwai microbiological a me ka haʻahaʻa, ka ea, ke ʻano wela, a me nā hua hua.
♦ maloʻo a maʻalili.
mīkini hoʻomaloʻo pahu Rotary a me ka mīkini hoʻoluʻuHoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka wā e hana ai i nā mea kanu organik.Hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻike wai o ka mea kanu organik, hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana o nā granules, e hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka sterilization a me ka deodorization.Hiki i nā ʻanuʻu ʻelua ke hōʻemi i ka nalowale o nā meaʻai i loko o nā granules a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka ʻāpana.
♦ kānana a pūʻolo.
ʻO ke kaʻina hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻokaʻawale i kēlā mau mea kanu granular unqualified i hoʻopau ʻia e kamīkini huli pahu rotary.Hoʻouna ʻia nā mea kanu i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia e hana hou ʻia, ʻoiai e hoʻopili ʻia ka mea kanu kūlohelohe kūpono emīkini paʻi ʻakomi.
Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi mai ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu organik
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōpala meaʻai i loko o nā mea kanu kūlohelohe hiki ke hana i nā pono waiwai a me ke kaiapuni e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino lepo a kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻino a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.Hiki ke hana ʻia ke kinoea kūlohelohe hou a me nā biofuels mai nā ʻōpala meaʻai i hana hou ʻia, hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemikinoea hoʻoulu ʻananā hoʻokuʻu a me ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie fossil.
ʻO ka meaʻai meaʻai maikaʻi loa no ka lepo.He kumu maikaʻi ia o ka mea kanu mea kanu, me ka nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium a me nā micronutrients, pono no ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu.ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi wale i kekahi mau mea kanu a me nā maʻi, akā e hōʻemi hoʻi i ka pono o nā ʻano fungicides a me nā kemika.ʻO nā mea hoʻomomona kiʻekiʻee hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi ākea o nā māla, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mahiʻai, nā mahiʻai kūloko a me nā hōʻike pua i nā wahi ākea, kahi e lawe mai ai i nā pono waiwai kūpono i nā mea hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-18-2021